The term “debt” has generated a lot of buzz in Zambia in recent years because the country’s economic woes have “debt distress” as the front and centre of the problem.
However, this article seeks to address the matter of personal debt and how to effectively manage personal debt, so it does not become a mammoth problem. Debt is borrowed resources/money, or the use of resources obtained from another party to fund ones’ needs or project. There is an expectation that debt should be paid back within an agreed period and usually with interest.
Debt is useful if contracted responsibly and managed well. It is a necessary part of the economic cycle where excess resources from one sector can finance activities for a party that is in financial lack. When used properly people have been able to improve their personal wellbeing and build successful businesses using debt finance.
However, a lot of Zambians are in a debt rut. An endless cycle of contracting debt to either support consumption or re finance other debt. And with the ever-increasing sources of debt finance, this problem continues to grow at an alarming rate. Unfortunately, debt distress also produces a lot of adverse effects including stress, marital problems, suicides, and stress induced diseases such as hypertension which can lead to preventable deaths.
The average young Zambian will usually graduate from tertiary education by 24 years, and if they are fortunate to get a decent job; providers of debt will come knocking offering an array of loans from car loans. The temptation and incentive to jump on these loans is huge. As the young person starts a family, having children and other obligations set in, more debt finance is contracted, and this is usually the start of a long string of debt dependence.
The average working citizen is using between 60-70% of their income servicing loans and this happens for most adults working life. Sadly, for a lot of people, by the time retirement arrives, there is no tangible investment or savings to support life in retirement.
So, what is the best way to manage personal debt and avoid the pitfalls of lifelong addiction and dependence on debt?
1. Budget for your money.
A budget gives you an accurate picture of your income versus your expenses and is a critical tool for decision making. A Budget will guide your thinking and ensure that funds are directed towards areas of need, and you can defer or suspend expenditure that may be non-critical. This way you avoid the need to borrow simply by managing the resources you have at your disposal.
2. Don’t borrow to consume
This is by far the leading cause of debt distress. It is strongly discouraged to borrow money that will be consumed, such as paying bills. You are using future resources immediately. As practically as possible do not borrow to consume unless there are sufficient cash inflows now or in the future that will take care of servicing the debt.
3. Live within your means
This is a notable problem of the middle working class. There is a tendency for people to compare themselves to their peers, work mates, neighbors and even their own relatives. A lot of families live in homes beyond their affordability, drive cars that they can’t afford, send children to private schools they are struggling to pay for. A lot of lavish lifestyles are debt funded. It is perfectly natural and acceptable to want to lead a good life, however, it’s prudent to have financial discipline that saves the individual future financial problems and stress.
4. Invest borrowed money wisely
Another weakness of well-meaning debt is to start a project with borrowed funds without a well-researched and feasible business plan. Business debt must be able to fund a project to full operation and the business cash flows must be able to service the loan. In Zambia, a lot of people get loans to buy plots and start building or an unfamiliar business. But because of cost escalations the finances finish before project is complete whilst the loan itself needs to be serviced.
5. Avoid dependence on salary
The average working Zambian will work for 30 years straight and until the day they retire without establishing any other income streams.
There is complete dependency on a salary. However, the good news is that there is a now steady shift towards embracing entrepreneurship and this should be encouraged. Entrepreneurship needs to start very early in life.
6. Start saving
Most people do not keep money for that proverbial “rainy day.” Admittedly, this is extremely hard, but people should attempt to put away at least 10% of their income as savings.
7. Avoid Loan Sharks (KALOBA)
By all means avoid such debt. It has been known to be the downfall of many. Unfortunately, Loan shark finance is readily available to most people. The borrowing costs are exorbitant and loan sharks are happy to take off with people’s prized assets once they fail to pay their loans.
If a person is already stuck in debt, they should attempt to employ the following strategies to free themselves.
Where possible, restructure your debt. Ask for an extended payment plan that allows you some space to service the loan without too much stress. You can attempt to renegotiate the terms of the loan including principal and interest haircuts by declaring all your problems to your lender.
If you have any asset that is not generating any revenue, dispose of that asset and get yourself out of debt. There is no point in keeping an asset that is not generating economic value while you struggle with debt. Sell that Car, plot, redundant farm and pay off debt and start on a fresh note.
Ask for help from your family, friends, or any other trusted source. There is no harm in asking for assistance. Someone may just be willing to bail you out. If help is not available, at least you have the satisfaction of having declared a problem to close people.
Rethink your entire financial situation and produce a new strategy. This introspection will reveal to you past decisions that you made that have put where you are. This will allow you to craft your own financial rescue program.
Start a side hustle NOW. It does not matter how small it is as long as it is generating some revenue, it will be particularly useful. And make a firm commitment to grow this personal business.
By Daliso Daka